利用P波接收函数研究青藏高原东南缘地幔转换带结构   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

白一鸣  艾印双  姜明明  何玉梅  陈棋福 《地球物理学报》2018,61(2):570-583

研究青藏高原东南缘的深部结构对于理解印度-欧亚板块的碰撞机理和青藏高原的形成演化具有重要的科学意义.本研究对布设在研究区域内566个固定和流动地震台站的波形资料进行了处理，获得77853条高质量P波接收函数，应用接收函数共转换点（CCP）叠加技术获得了研究区域下方精细的地幔转换带间断面起伏形态及转换带厚度变化图像.结果表明：研究区域南北方向上具有两个明显的转换带增厚异常区，南侧异常区位于滇中次级块体与印支块体下方，可能是新特提斯洋板片与上部印度板块间断离并部分滞留在转换带底部的结果；北侧川西地区异常增厚可能与上方岩石圈拆沉并降至转换带有关；腾冲火山起源可能是板块俯冲过程中发生断离造成软流圈物质部分熔融，湿热物质上涌所致.  相似文献   

基于密集台阵的青藏高原东北缘地壳精细结构及九寨沟地震震源区结构特征分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

李敏娟  沈旭章  张元生  刘旭宙  梅秀苹 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):2075-2087

基于青藏高原东北缘密集宽频带野外流动观测台阵以及固定台站资料，利用双差层析成像方法对地震位置和研究区的地壳速度结构进行了反演.最终用于联合反演的地震事件合计9644个.结果显示青藏高原东北缘速度结构具有明显的横向不均匀性.从整体上看，青藏高原地区表现为低速异常，鄂尔多斯表现为高速异常，而扬子地块亦表现为高速异常.不同深度处速度结构表现不一致，同一深度处P波速度结构和S波速度结构也有明显差异.由西秦岭北缘断裂带、临潭-宕昌断裂以及礼县-罗家堡断裂围限的地震活动强烈的区域中，P波速度结构由深度0 km时呈现的低速异常，逐渐过渡到5 km时高低速相间分布的特征；而S波速度结构在此区域中，由近地表0 km时高低速相间分布的特征，逐渐过渡到30 km时几乎表现为低速异常.2017年8月8日九寨沟7级地震所在的塔藏断裂、岷江断裂和雪山断裂围限区域，在深度20 km处的P波速度结构和周围存在明显差异，九寨沟地震处于高速异常与低速异常的过渡带内.此外，2013年7月22日发生在青藏高原东北缘的岷漳县6.6级地震，震源区所在的临潭-宕昌断裂附近的P波速度结构在15 km深度处也有明显特征，震源位置所在区域也处于高低速过渡带.该区域这种地壳内部高低速过渡带可能是应力比较容易积累而发生中强地震的一个重要场所.  相似文献   

川西高温水热活动区深部热结构的地球物理分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李午阳  张健  唐显春  天骄  王迎春  郭琦 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2926-2936

川西高温水热活动区是地热学研究的典型地区之一，该区温泉、热泉点分布广泛，这些温泉大多沿北西-南东向的金沙江断裂、德格-乡城断裂、甘孜-理塘断裂、鲜水河三条主断裂呈条带状分布.对此高温水热活动区开展地热学分析，是研究青藏高原"东构造结"深部地球动力学过程、开发利用川西高原地热资源的重要基础，具有重要的科学研究意义和实际应用价值.本文针对实测氦同位素所发现的壳幔热结构比，依据重力、航空磁法、地震资料，采用反演莫霍面、居里面深度等方法，对川西高温水热活动区的深部热结构进行了分析.同时对中高温热泉密集出露的巴塘、理塘以及康定水热活动区的典型壳幔热流构与深部背景场进行了对比研究.结果表明，地表氦同位素热流估算的深部热流结构与地球物理异常结果保持较好的对应关系.川西地区热流结构中地壳、地幔的热贡献比较接近：巴塘地区平均Q_c/Q=51.38%、理塘地区平均Q_c/Q=54.39%、康定地区平均Q_c/Q=42.42%.川西地区表现出了"温壳温幔"型的深部热结构，但温地壳背景下形成较高地表热流的原因有待进一步研究.  相似文献   

Variation in the sediment deposition behind check‐dams under different soil erosion conditions on the Loess Plateau,China          下载免费PDF全文

Yanhong Wei  Zhong He  Juying Jiao  Yujin Li  Yixian Chen  Hengkang Zhao 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(9):1899-1912

To maintain a reasonable sediment regulation system in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, it is critical to determine the variation in sediment deposition behind check‐dams for different soil erosion conditions. Sediment samples were collected by using a drilling machine in the Fangta watershed of the loess hilly–gully region and the Manhonggou watershed of the weathered sandstone hilly–gully (pisha) region. On the basis of the check‐dam capacity curves, the soil bulk densities and the couplet thickness in these two small watersheds, the sediment yields were deduced at the watershed scale. The annual average sediment deposition rate in the Manhonggou watershed (702.0 mm/(km²·a)) from 1976 to 2009 was much higher than that in the Fangta watershed (171.6 mm/(km²·a)) from 1975 to 2013. The soil particle size distributions in these two small watersheds were generally centred on the silt and sand fractions, which were 42.4% and 50.7% in the Fangta watershed and 60.6% and 32.9% in the Manhonggou watershed, respectively. The annual sediment deposition yield exhibited a decreasing trend; the transition years were 1991 in the Fangta watershed and 1996 in the Manhonggou watershed (P < 0.05). In contrast, the annual average sediment deposition yield was much higher in the Manhonggou watershed (14011.1 t/(km²·a)) than in the Fangta watershed (3149.6 t/(km²·a)). In addition, the rainfalls that induced sediment deposition at the check‐dams were greater than 30 mm in the Fangta watershed and 20 mm in the Manhonggou watershed. The rainfall was not the main reason for the difference in the sediment yield between the two small watersheds. The conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland was the main reason for the decrease in the soil erosion in the Fangta watershed, while the weathered sandstone and bare land were the main factors driving the high sediment yield in the Manhonggou watershed. Knowledge of the sediment deposition process of check‐dams and the variation in the catchment sediment yield under different soil erosion conditions can serve as a basis for the implementation of improved soil erosion and sediment control strategies, particularly in semi‐arid hilly–gully regions. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of nonstationarity in low flow in the Loess Plateau of China          下载免费PDF全文

Kun‐xia Yu  Lars Gottschalk  Xiang Zhang  Peng Li  Zhanbin Li  Lihua Xiong  Qian Sun 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1844-1857

An approach for nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis is developed and demonstrated on a dataset from the rivers on the Loess Plateau of China. Nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis has drawn significant attention in recent years by establishing relationships between low‐flow series and explanatory variables series, but few studies have tested whether the time‐varying moments of low flow can be fully described by the time‐varying moments of the explanatory variables. In this research, the low‐flow distributions are analytically derived from the 2 basic explanatory variables—the recession duration and the recession coefficient—with the assumption that the recession duration and recession coefficient variables follow exponential and gamma distributions, respectively; the derived low‐flow distributions are applied to test whether the time‐varying moments of explanatory variables can explain the nonstationarities found in the low‐flow variable. The effects of ecosystem construction measures, that is, check dam, terrace, forest, and grassland, on the recession duration and recession coefficient are further discussed. Daily flow series from 11 hydrological stations from the Loess Plateau are used and processed with a moving average technique. Low‐flow data are extracted following the pit under threshold approach. Six of the 11 low‐flow series show significant nonstationarities at the 5% significance level, and the trend curves of the moments of low flow are in close agreement with the curves estimated from the derived distribution with time‐dependent moments of the recession duration and time‐constant moments of the recession coefficient. It is indicated that the nonstationarity in the low‐flow distribution results from the nonstationarity in the recession duration in all 6 cases, and the increase in the recession duration is resulted from large‐scale ecosystem constructions rather than climate change. The large‐scale ecosystem constructions are found to have more influence on the decrease in streamflow than on the increase in watershed storage, thus resulting in the reduction of low flow. A high return period for the initial fixed design value decreases dramatically with an increasing recession duration.  相似文献   

西藏日喀则拉堆-乃东与毕定-甲舍拉断裂的活动性分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

雷生学  李振海  张文朋  陈宇坤  郭巍  谢静博  高也  高锦瑞 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):785-793

综合采用地质地貌调查、探槽开挖及OSL测年等,对离日喀则市最近的拉堆—乃东和毕定—甲舍拉断裂的活动性进行研究,结果表明:拉堆—乃东断裂在距今约3万年前停止了活动,毕定—甲舍拉断裂则至少在5万年前停止了活动,即二者自晚更新世晚期已不再活动——不属于全新世活动断裂,这与部分学者认为拉堆—乃东断裂为全新世活动断裂的结论不同。研究获得的最新断层活动资料可为该地区的地震预测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary climate and environmental change derived from glacial deposits in the Parlung Zangbo Valley,southeastern Tibetan Plateau     

Renrong Chen  Yingkui Li  Zhongping Lai  Xianjiao Ou  Xiaoyu Lu 《自然地理学》2020,41(2):99-125

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the late Quaternary climate and environmental characteristics of two tributary valleys (Xingmu and Depu Valleys) in the Parlung Zangbo Valley, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples collected from moraines at the mouth of Xingmu Valley produce a wide age range from 13.9 ka to 76 ka. The ages measured from the lenticular sand are consistent with the relative geomorphic sequence of the landforms. Lenticular sand layers below the moraine were dated to 37.9 ka and 44.7 ka, indicating that fluvial processes were likely dominant in the valley during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The outer moraine ridges at the valley mouth were formed during 13.9 ka and 26.5 ka, corresponding to MIS2. At Depu Valley, OSL samples from two sets of lateral and terminal moraines close to the modern glacier, provide ages from 1.4 ka to 29.2 ka. The paleosol layer widely developed during 2.6 cal ka BP and 8.7 cal ka BP in the study area, reflecting a relatively warm condition during the mid-Holocene.  相似文献   

末次间冰期以来源自中亚的粉尘记录的对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邬光剑  姚檀栋 《冰川冻土》2005,27(1):80-87

中亚干旱区是全球重要的粉尘源区, 粉尘经过不同的大气环流系统的搬运和具体的沉积条件, 在其传输路径上沉积于不同的介质中, 如冰芯、黄土、湖泊和深海. 在前人所做工作的基础上, 以古里雅冰芯、宝鸡黄土剖面、琵琶湖风尘沉积、北太平洋风尘沉积和格陵兰冰芯等记录进行对比, 初步讨论近130 ka BP以来上述记录所反映的中亚粉尘的产生、搬运和沉积. 这些记录既表现出一致性, 也存在某些差异, 显示了搬运过程、沉积过程以及区域性因素对粉尘记录的影响.  相似文献   

藏北高原地区地表辐射出支和能量平衡的季节变化   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：10  

马伟强  马耀明  李茂善  Z.   《冰川冻土》2005,27(5):673-679

对青藏高原地区地表能量的研究是一个十分重要的问题.基于中日合作项目"全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验"(CAMP/Tibet)在2001年8月至2002年9月的观测数据资料,分析研究了青藏高原藏北地区地表能量,即净辐射通量、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量等的变化规律,获得了有关藏北高原地表能量的新认识.  相似文献   

The Impact of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the Summer Temperature in Central Asia     

Xuke LIU  Xiaojing JIA  Min WANG  Qifeng QIAN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(7):1103-1114

The current work examines the impact of the snow cover extent (SCE) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the interannual variation in the summer (June?July?August) surface air temperature (SAT) over Central Asia (CA) (SAT_CA) during the 1979?2019 period. The leading mode of the summer SAT_CA features a same-sign temperature anomalies in CA and explains 62% of the total variance in SAT_CA. The atmospheric circulation associated with a warming SAT_CA is characterized by a pronounced high-pressure system dominating CA. The high-pressure system is accompanied by warm advection as well as descending motion over CA, favoring the warming of the SAT_CA. Analysis shows that the interannual variation in the summer SAT_CA is significantly positively correlated with the April SCE over the central-eastern TP. In April, higher than normal SCE over the central-eastern TP has a pronounced cooling effect on the column of the atmosphere above the TP and can persist until the following early summer. Negative and positive height anomalies appear above and to the west of the TP. In the following months, the perturbation forcing generated by the TP SCE anomalies lies near the western center of the Asian subtropical westerly jet (SWJ), which promotes atmospheric waves in the zonal direction guided by the Asian SWJ. Associated with this atmospheric wave, in the following summer, a significant high-pressure system dominates CA, which is a favorable condition for a warm summer SAT_CA.  相似文献